Fatigue resistance is a essential factor to consider when designing engineering structures subjected to repeated loading. Failure due to fatigue can occur over time as the Fatigue life improvement material experiences progressive damage, eventually leading to fracture. To improve fatigue resistance, engineers employ a variety of methods. These incl

Shot peening has proven to be a highly effective method for enhancing the fatigue life of metallic components. By introducing compressive residual stresses into the surface layer of materials, shot peening effectively mitigates crack initiation and propagation, thereby significantly improving their resistance to fatigue failure. In recent years, co